- Family Practice Notebook: Hepatic Encephalopathy - Offers participating factors, pathophysiology, symptoms and signs, diagnosis and management.
- Hepatic Encephalopathy - Section of GI textbook, provides definition, causes, and treatments. Tables include grading scale and common causes by type.
- MedlinePlus: Hepatic Encephalopathy - Illustrated article that discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, treatment, and complications.
- Merck Manual: Liver Encephalopathy - Describes how this condition occurs, common symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and treatments.
- Understanding the Evaluation & Treatment for Encephalopathy - Explains what it is; evaluation; treatments, including medications and diet changes; and links to additional information. [PDF]